What is albinism?
Albinism is a rare, non-contagious genetic disorder caused by mutations that disrupt melanin production. This results in a reduced or total absence of pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes.
What are the types of Albinism?
- Oculocutaneous Albinism: The most common type, affecting the hair, skin, and eyes.
- Ocular Albinism: Primarily affects the eyes; skin and hair color may appear normal or slightly lighter from other family members.
What are the clinical features?
Skin and Hair
- White or light skin and hair.
- Freckles, moles, or pigmented patches in certain types.
- Susceptibility to UV damage and sunburns.
Eyes
- Irises that range from very light blue to translucent.
- Vision Problems Including reduced visual acuity, strabismus, and photophobia.
What is the treatment?
There is no cure for albinism. Management focuses on lifelong protection and monitoring through:
- Wearing protective clothing and eyewear.
- Using sunscreen with SPF 50 or higher.
- Annual skin examinations by a dermatologist and routine eye exams.
| Albinism | Vitiligo |
|---|---|
| A genetic disorder present from birth | An acquired autoimmune disorder that appears after birth |
| A stable condition that does not spread or improve | May improve or worsen with treatment |
Two types:
| Initially presents as an incomplete disorder and may take various forms |
| Caused by a biochemical defect in melanin synthesis | Caused by autoimmune destruction of melanin-producing cells |
References: DermNet, Ministry of Health
Written by: Shada Alanazi